The FWCI (Field-Weighted Citation Impact) and CNCI (Category Normalised Citation Impact) both calculate the ratio of citations received relative to the expected world average for the subject category, publication type and publication year. These metrics are very useful in applications as they put citation counts in context of the average citations for similar papers, more objectively showing that a paper is highly cited.

In both cases, an FWCI or CNCI of 1 indicates that the publication has been cited at the world average for similar publications:  

• If greater than 1, then the publication has been cited more than would be expected for the world average for similar publications. For example, an FWCI or CNCI of 2, indicates that the article has received double the citations than the world average for similar publications.
• If less than 1, this indicates that the publication has been cited less than would be expected based on the world average for similar publications.
• If the FWCI or CNCI is absent, this indicates zero citations.

Many researchers find that the FWCI and CNCI metrics for the same article are different – sometimes significantly so. This is due to differences in database coverage between Web of Science and Scopus, affecting the number of citations that are indexed in each system.

Field Weighted Citation Index (FWCI)

The FCWI is can be found in SciVal, where it can be seen for each publication and as an average for all of a researcher's publications. FWCI can be added to most SciVal reports. In Explore, after setting up your researcher profile, to locate a list of FWCIs for each paper, select the Summary page, click on View List of All Publications, then select FWCI as the metric.

The FWCI can also be found in Scopus. where it can only be seen on individual publication records.

UWA authors can also view FWCI for their individual publications, when signed in to the UWA Research Repository:

• Click on the title of the relevant publication to open it
• choose the Metrics tab.

Category Normalised Citation Impact (CNCI)

The CNCI is calculated on Web of Science data, and is accessible using InCites (benchmarking & analytics). InCites can be used to find the CNCI for each individual publication, or an average for all publications authored by an individual researcher indexed in Web of Science.

In InCites, select to Analyze Researchers. Use the Filters to locate the individual researcher by ORCID, Researcher ID, or Name. If CNCI is not already visible, click Add Indicator to select it. The average CNCI across all papers will be displayed.

View and download a list of all the selected Researcher's papers, including the CNCI for each paper, by clicking the number under the 'Web of Science Documents' column.

Journal Normalized Citation Impact  (JNCI) 

The JNCI is similar to the CNCI but normalizes the citation rate for the journal in which the document is published. The JNCI of a single publication is the ratio of the actual number of citing items to the average citation rate of publications in the same journal, in the same year and with the same document type. The JNCI for a set of publications is the average JNCI for each publication.

Percentile (Web of Science/ Incites (benchmarking and Analytics))

A percentile indicates how a paper has performed relative to other Web of Science-indexed publications in its field, year, and document type, and is therefore a normalized indicator. The percentile for a publication is determined by creating a citation frequency distribution for all the publications in the same year, subject category and of the same document type. The percentile is the percent of items cited less often than the item of interest, and therefore a higher percentile indicates better relative performance. 

Average percentile

Average (mean) of the percentiles for all of your Web of Science-indexed publications.

Find your article percentile

You can find the percentile for each of your Web of Science - indexed publications in Web of Science. 

• Use the Researchers tab to perform a Name Search for yourself.
• Select your name from the results list.
• The Author Impact Beamplot Summary shows your overall citation citation percentile median in Web of Science.
• 
• Click on the View full beamplot link in your Web of Science record to see the percentiles for your individual articles.
• You can also run a comprehensive analysis of your Web of Science - indexed publications in Incites (Benchmarking and Analytics)

To find highly cited articles on a particular topic, run a keyword search in citation databases such as Scopus or Web of Science.  Sort on the search result by "Cited by (highest)" citations (Scopus) or  "Sort by: Times cited: Highest to lowest" (Web of Science), so the most highly cited work is at the top of your search results.

This Scopus tutorial demonstrates the use of Scopus article metrics.

Altmetrics measure how many times a research output has been shared, mentioned or downloaded from online sources such as social media sites, blogs, mainstream media and reference managers. Find out more about Altmetrics.

The Altmetrics tools covered in this guide collect social and traditional media mentions, but there are some other sources you might like to check as well. 

• The Conversation - If you have written for The Conversation you can log in to your profile to see a dashboard detailing metrics and engagement with your article(s) that may be used to demonstrate impact of your research.
• Google News  - Try searching for your name or research output in Google News to see if it is appearing in any media.
• Capital Monitor - Search for your publication or your name in Capital Monitor to locate mentions in government documents and proceedings, for example references to your report in the Hansard. These would be excellent evidence of the impact of your work.

Policy citations are the number of times your research outputs have been mentioned in policy documents from government bodies, professional organizations or bodies, or non-government organizations (NGO). They are a good way of demonstrating how your research has influenced policy or practice in a particular field and support the development of your impact narrative beyond citations. 

There are a few tools you can use to track policy citations, all of which use data from Overton, the world’s largest searchable index of policy documents, guidelines, think tank publications and working papers. Overton collects data globally from over 180 countries and in many different languages. 

• Scival identifies and counts citations that research papers have received from policy documents. To access a policy report on yourself, follow these steps:
  1. Access SciVal through OneSearch. SciVal requires users to create a personal account - please use your UWA email address to ensure full access to subscribed content.
  2. Select Explore
  3. Click on Search Entities (top menu on the left hand side of screen) and search for your name. Note that if your name does not appear, you will need to Define a new Researcher
  4. SciVal will default to a Summary page. Scroll down the left-hand side menu and select 'Policy Impact' 
  5. Select your date range.

• PlumX reports on policy citations. You’ll be able to see policy citations wherever you find PlumX Metrics, including Scopus, Science Direct, Digital Commons, SSRN, Engineering Village and Elsevier journal websites. The PlumPrint is also embedded at the research output level in the UWA Profiles and Research Repository. Search for a particular publication or browse your 'Research Output' list in the Repository and if available, hover over the PlumPrint to see whether any policy citations have been picked up. Click the  'see details' link for a full report and information on the source of the citation. 

• Sage Policy Profile - A free tool for individual researchers and academics. Set up a profile to track and visualise how your research has been cited in policy from governments, think tanks, and policymakers across the world. Note, this tool uses your ORCID ID to identify your publications so make sure your ORCID profile is up-to-date. If you haven't already, connect your ORCID iD to your UWA profile for automatic updates to your ORCID profile when new outputs are added to the Repository.

Patents often cite research papers. If your research has been cited in a patent, this shows the connection between your work and industry or commercial activity.

Several tools collect Patent citations and information: 

• SciVal identifies and counts citations that research papers have received from patents, and links to both the citing patents and cited articles
  1. Access SciVal through OneSearch. SciVal requires users to create a personal account - please use your UWA email address to ensure full access to subscribed content.
  2. Go to the Explore
  3. Click on Search Entities (top menu on the left hand side of screen) and search for your name. Note that if your name does not appear, you will need to Import a new Researcher
  4. SciVal will default to a Summary page. Scroll down the left-hand side menu and select 'Patent Impact' 
  5. Select your date range.

• Lens.org is a database for articles and patents. Search by patents, scholarly works, profiles and more.
• Both PlumX and Altmetric track patent citations. Access via the PlumPrint and Altermetrics doughnut embedded at the research output level in the UWA Profiles and Research Repository. Search for a particular publication or browse your 'Research Output' list in the Repository and if available, hover over the icons to see whether any patent citations have been picked up. Click the  'see details' link for a full report and information on the source of the citation. 

• Google Patents includes more than 120 million patent publications. A list of citing patents is included in the full text of the patent.

Books and book chapters are increasingly indexed in databases, so it is worth checking to see if you can find citations metrics. Resources to check:

• Book Citation Index
  • Book Citation Index: Science
  • Book Citation Index: Social Sciences and Humanities

See the Clarivate Master Book List for publishers that are indexed.

• Scopus (see Scopus Book title list for publishers that are indexed)
• Google Scholar
• Dimensions

If your book/chapter only has a few citations, consider looking more closely at who has cited your work. Are they a high profile researcher in your area? Have they reflected favourably on your findings? 

Book reviews can be a good source of examples of impact in a field, especially if they’re from notable people in the field. To find more formal, ‘reputable’ reviews (meaning published reviews, rather than those written by members of the public), search in the following locations:

1. OneSearch indexes a vast array of content, including reviews. Search by book title and use the ‘Review’ filter to limit your results:

2. Established cultural magazines and publications are also good sources of non-scholarly but still reputable book reviews:

• Australian Book Review
• New York Times Book Reviews
• The New Yorker Book Reviews
• The Guardian: Books
• Factiva
• JSTOR 
• Pressreader
• Project MUSE
• ProQuest
• ProQuest Ebook Central
• Scopus
• The Times Literary Supplement
• Web of Science Core Collection

3. Quantity can also be a useful measure (i.e. my book received over 200 reviews on Amazon). Check book review sites like Goodreads, Amazon and Google Books

There are many other ways to measure the quality and impact of your books and book chapters. 

Libraries holding your book or the book you contributed to in their collections is another sign of impact. Useful metrics may be:

• The total number of libraries that hold your book
• Whether prestigious libraries hold the book, i.e., Bodleian Libraries, The Library of Congress, The National Library of Australia etc. Look out for significant libraries for your particular area/topic. 

For holdings in international libraries, search WorldCat. Look out for different editions, which may have separate records!

For holdings in Australian Libraries, search the National Library tool, Trove, using their Books and Libraries filter. Look out for different editions, which may have separate records!

Here are other ways books can be received and used that can indicate impact and quality:

• Altmetrics (see the Alternative metrics tab), though note that altmetrics tools use ISBNs to track and collect information on books, and when an ISBN cannot be found, may search for different identifiers which can be for different editions and may result in metrics that aren't directly measuring the specific edition of the book
• If a book was published by a prestigious/reputable publisher – for example, it is an academic/university publisher? Is it on the WASS-SENSE book publisher ranking list?
• If the book resulted in publicity and events- Were you interviewed during the book release or invited to a signing or to do a talk?
• If the book has received prizes/awards
• Ongoing demand - If the book was republished, published in electronic format, or translated into other languages  
• If the book has been used as a textbook by a school or uni
• Is it an Open Educational resource?

Search for your report in Capital Monitor to locate mentions in government documents and proceedings, for example references to your report in the Hansard. These would be excellent evidence of the impact of your work.