If a book is available in more than one format (i.e. print, eBook), cite the version you consulted.

Material Type

 In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Book: Single Author

(Read 2002, 65)

Read, Richard. 2002. Art and its Discontents: The Early Life of Adrian Stokes. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.

Book: Two or three authors

(Goldswain, Lewi, and Williamson 2001, 83)

*Authors are listed in the same order used on the title page for both the in-text and Reference List.

Goldswain, Philip D., Hannah Lewi, and Emma Williamson. 2001. Visualising the Architecture of Federation. Perth, WA: Curtin University of Technology and The National Council for the Centenary of Federation.

* In the bibliography only the first author's name is inverted and a comma must appear before and after the first author's given name or initial

Book: Four or more authors

(Vernon et al. 2004, 32)

*In the note, list only the first author, followed by et al. ("and others")

Vernon, C., S. MacKenzie, I. Wood-Bradley, and D. Headon. 2004. The Griffin Legacy: Canberra, the Nation's Capital in the 21st Century. Canberra, ACT: National Capital Authority.

*Up to ten authors, list all the authors in the bibliography. If more than ten, list the first seven authors followed by 'et al.'.

(Kendris and Kendris 2010, 14)

Kendris, Christopher, and Theodore Kendris, eds. 2010. 501 Spanish Verbs, 7th ed. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s Educational Series.

(Byrne 1981, 4:243)

*The volume cited and page number are separated by a colon. In the short form the volume number does not need to be repeated.

For more examples go to the Chicago Manual of Style Online: Chapter 14. section 116 to 122.

Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, ed. 1981. The Lisle Letters. 6 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Book: No author

(Stanze 1547)

See Chicago Manual of Style Online chapter 15 section 39.

Stanze in lode della donna brutta. 1547. Florence.

Book: Editor, translator or compiler

(Goldswain and Taylor 2010, 10)

Goldswain, Philip D and William Taylor, eds. 2010. An Everyday Transience: The Urban Imaginary of Goldfields Photographer John Joseph Dwyer. Perth, WA: UWA Publishing.

Book: Editor, translator or compiler in addition to author

(Rasch 1967, 20)

Rasch, Heinz. 1967. Some Roots of Modern Architecture. Translated and edited by George Jelinek and Joan Jelinek. London: Tiranti.

(Franklin 1868, 233)

Franklin, Benjamin.1868. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.  Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.

Book: Corporate or Organisation as author

(Gehl Architects 1994, 105)

Gehl Architects. 1994. Perth 2009: Public Spaces and Public Life. Perth, WA: Department of Planning and Urban Developments.

Book: Government publication

(Western Australian Department of Planning and Urban Development 1991, 21)

Western Australian Department of Planning and Urban Development. 1991. Metropolitan Centres: Policy Statement for the Perth Metropolitan Region. Perth, W.A.: Department of Planning and Urban Development.

Book: Chapter or part of a book

(Vernon and Seddon 2006, 32-33)

Vernon, Christopher, and George Seddon. 2006. "Hackett and Annear: Laying the Foundations." In A Landscape for Learning: A History of the Grounds of The University of Western Australia, edited by George Seddon and Gillian Lilleyman, 30-35. Perth, W.A.: University of Western Australia Press.

Book: Edition other than first

(Beresford and Partingon 2012, 55)

Beresford, Quentin, and Gary Partington. 2012. Reform and Resistance in Aboriginal Education: The Australian Experience. Rev. ed. Perth: University of Western Australia Press.

(Schweitzer [1911] 1966, 53)

More examples about reprint and modern editions: Chicago Manual of Style Online chapter 15 section 40.

Schweitzer, Albert. (1911) 1966. J. S. Bach. Translated by Ernest Newman. 2 vols. Reprint, New York: Dover.

eBook

(Unwin 2009)

*For eBooks consulted online, list a URL; include an access date only if one is required by your discipline. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number.  See example below

Unwin, Simon. 2009. Analysing Architecture. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. http://uwa.eblib.com.auezproxy.library.uwa.edu.au/patron/ FullRecord. aspx?p+369114.

eBook Chapter no page numbers

(Bonds 2014, chap. 3)

* In the notes, the URLs are based on the DOIs for the chapters rather than the DOI for the work as a whole (as in the bibliography entry)  See: Chicago Manual of Style Online chapter 14 section 161.

Bonds, Mark Evan. 2014. Absolute Music: The History of an Idea. New York: Oxford University Press.  doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004.

Journal Articles

Material Type

Reference List 

Journal Article in print

 (Goldswain 2011, 54)

Goldswain, Philip. 2011. "State Theatre Centre." Architecture Australia 100 (2): 49-57.

Journal article online (with a DOI)

 (Walshaw 2012, 726)
 

Walshaw, Aimee. 2012. "Accommodating Poverty: The Housing and Living Arrangements of the English Poor, C. 1600-1850." Housing Studies 27 (5): 726-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2012.617922.

Journal article online (with a URL and access date*)

 (Read 2012, 779) 

Read, Richard. 2012. "Vico, Virginia Woolf and Adrian Stokes's Autobiographies: Fantasy, Providence and Isolation in Post-War British Aesthetics." Art History 35 (4): 778-795. Access September 5, 2013. http:search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db =aph&AN=78361910&site=ehost-live.

*Access dates are not usually required for journal articles unless no date of publication or revision can be determined from the source. However, some publishers or unit coordinators require an access date to be added, in which case, the access date should immediately precede the URL or DOI.  
See The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 176.

Journal article online (from a database, no DOI or stable URL)

 (Anderson 2013, 35,)

Anderson, Simon. 2013. "Perth Arena." Architecture Australia 102 (5): 34-41. Academic Search Premier.

*Include the name of the database or URL of journal article web page

(Miles 2016)

More information in The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 191 -200.)

See also "Published interview" example in Personal Communications below.

Miles, John. 2016. “Crime Rate on the Rise in the Suburbs,” West Australian, September 23, 2016, 23-24.

Internet/Websites

Author, title of the page or post, title or owner of the site, date it was posted (if available), access date and URL.

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Webpage

(Google 2019)

 * Include a publication date or modification as well as an access date. If no publication date or modification date can be determined include access date.

Google. 2019.  “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified October 15, 2019. https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en-US.

Webpage: No Author or date

(Royal British Association of Architects, n.d.)

Royal British Association of Architects. n.d. "History of the Library and collections." Accessed April 4, 2013.  http:www.architecture.com/Library DrawingsAndPhotographs/RIBALibrary/History.aspx.

Blog

(Winikoff  2013)

Winikoff, Tamara. 2013. "Visual artists' fees: what is the status of artists in Australia?" The NAVA Blog. November 9, 2013.
http://www.visualarts.net.au/navablogs/artistfees-artshub0.

* Add the word blog in brackets after the name of the blog (unless the word blog is part of the name). See Chapter 15 Section 51 in the Chicago Manual of Style.

(Díaz 2016)

Díaz, Junot. 2016. “Always surprises my students when I tell them that the ‘real’ medieval was more diverse than the fake ones most of us consume,” Facebook, February 24, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/junotdiaz.writer/posts/972495572815454.

(O’Brien  2015)

O'Brien, Conan (@ConanOBrien). 2015. “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets,” Twitter, April 22, 2015, 11:10 a.m. https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448.

Online video (YouTube)

("Horowitz TV Interview 1977")

“Horowitz TV Interview 1977.” YouTube video, 14:58. Posted August 25 2010. http://youtu.be/eZm7OW3ufbc.

Images and Tables 

Author- date citations are not normally used to cite images.  Instead, put the information about the image into a caption or in parentheses in the text of your paper. For a full discussion of illustrations- including guidelines on preparation, placement, numbering, and captioning, with examples see Chapter 3 Section 3-46

Example for citing within the text of a paper:

There are many paintings of the American West.  Georgia O'Keeffe's The Cliff Chimneys (1938, Milwaukee Art Museum) is a famous one. 

Image: Print

Georgia O'Keeffe, The Cliff Chimney, 1938, Milwaukee Art Museum (Buhler Lynes, Poling-Kempes and Turner 2004, 25)

Buhler Lynes, Barbara, Poling-Kempes, Lesley and Frederick W. Turner. 2004. Georgia O'Keeffe and New Mexico: A sense of place. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Image: Online

Georgia O’Keeffe, The Cliff Chimney, 1938, oil on canvas, 36 x 30", Milwaukee Art Museum.  https://gokmrc.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/ a-hike-at-ghost-ranch/.

Images are usually not included in the reference list.  In the running text or caption indicate the artist, year the work as created, title of the work, and where it is located. 

Ewing, Reid, and Otto Clemente. 2013. Measuring urban design: Metrics for livable places.  Washington: Island Press.

Conference papers and proceedings

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Conference Proceeding Paper: Print

(Goldswain 2006, 173-177)

Goldswain, Philip D. 2006. "Prospecting: photography and the manufactured landscapes of Kalgoorlie." In XX111 Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand, edited by Terrance McMinn, John Stephens, and Steve Basson, 173-177. Fremantle, WA: Society of Architectural Historians Australia & New Zealand.

Conference Proceeding Paper: Electronic

(Bay 2011, 162-176)

Bay, Philip H. 2011. "Social and environmental dimensions in ecologically sustainable design: towards a methodology of ranking levels of social interactions in semi-open and open spaces in dense residential environments in Singapore." In Subtropical Cities 2011: Subtropical Urbanism Beyond Climate Change, 162-176. Florida: Florida Atlantic. Accessed September 19, 2017.  http://www.subtropicalcities2011.com/pdf2/162%20Bay.pdf.

Multimedia formats & Software

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

DVD

(Gibbons 1998)

Gibbons, Tom. 1998. Tom Gibbons: 1998 LWAG and Artplace expos. Directed by Miriam Stannage. Perth, WA: Miriam Stannage. DVD.

Sound recording (composer emphasis)

(Stravinsky 1991)

Stravinsky, Igor. 1991. Symphony of Psalms; Mass; Canticum Sacrum. Westminster Cathedral Choir and City of London Sinfonia. James O’Donnel. Recorded June 18-20, November 29, 1990. Hyperion CDA66437, compact disc.

Sound recording (performer emphasis)

(Macliver and Russell 2005)

Macliver, Sara (soprano) and Sally-Anne Russell (mezzo-soprano). 2005. Orchestra of the Antipodes. Antony Walker. Baroque Duets. ABC Classics 476 7737, compact disc.

Track from a sound recording

(Davis 1997)

Davis, Miles. 1997. “So What.” On Kind of Blue. Columbia CK 64935, compact disc.

Sound recording (online)

(Brahms, 2010)

Brahms, Johannes. 2010. Clarinet Sonatas. Kalman Berkes (clarinet) and Jeno Jando (piano). Naxos 8.553121, streaming audio. http://uwa.naxosmusiclibrary.com.ezproxy.library.uwa.edu.au/ catalogue/item.asp?cid=8.553121.

Liner notes from a sound recording

(Moody 1991)

Moody, Ivan. 1991. (liner notes) In Stravinsky, Igor. Symphony of Psalms; Mass; Canticum Sacrum. Westminster Cathedral Choir and City of London Sinfonia. James O’Donnel. Recorded June 18-20, November 29, 1990. Hyperion CDA66437, 1991, compact disc. Liner notes by Ivan Moody.

Music Scores

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Music Scores (print)

(Copland 1950, 10)

See: Chicago Manual of Style Online chapter 14, section 255.

Copland, Aaron. 1950. Concerto, Clarinet and String Orchestra (with Harp and Piano). Reduction for Clarinet and Piano. New York: Boosey & Hawkes.

Music Scores (online)

(Brahms 1895, 3)

Brahms, Johannes. 1895. Clarinet Sonata No.1 in F Minor, Op. 120, No.1. Edited by Hans Gál. Germany: Breitkopf and Härtel. https://search.alexanderstreet.com.ezproxy.library.uwa.edu.au/ view/work/bibliographic_entity|score_movement|464771.

Lecture Notes

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Lecture Notes

(Westbrook 2007)

Westbrook, Nigel. 2007. "Le Corbusier and Modern Architecture." Lecture presented at the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, April 18, 2007.

Theses

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Thesis: Unpublished in print

(Taylor 2009, 34-35)

Taylor, John J. 2009. "Joseph John Talbot Hobbs (1864-1938): and his Australian-English architecture." Ph.D., University of Western Australia.

Thesis: Unpublished electronic copy

(Condello 2009, 25)

Condello, Annette Nina. 2009. "Luxury and architecture: from ancient Sybaris to the early twentieth century". Ph.D., University of Western Australia. https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/luxury-and-architecture-from-ancient-sybaris-to-the-early-twentie.

Personal Communication

Material Type

In-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation

Reference List 

Email

(Pauline Smith, e-mail message to author, December 8, 2014)

*As emails are generally not available to the public, they are not usually listed in the bibliography.  Instead, list the email in the text or in a footnote. 

See The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 214.

Interview: by Author

(Janet Andrews, in discussion with the author, July 10 2013)

*Unpublished interviews are best cited in text or in notes, though occasionally appear in bibliographies.

See The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 211.

Interview: published

(Felsinger 2008)

"An interview that has been published or broadcast or made available online can usually be treated like an article or other item in a periodical. Interviews consulted online should include a URL or similar identifier."

See The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 213.

Felsinger, Donald E. 2008.  “Turning Energy Uncertainty into Opportunity.”  Interview by Clifford Krauss.  New York Times, May 3, 2008, late edition, sec. C.

Citing information someone else has cited

Secondary Citation

Citing a secondary source is generally discouraged, since authors are expected to have examined the works they cite. If an original source is unavailable both the original and the secondary source must be listed in the footnote,but only the original should appear in the bibliography.

In-text citation

In Louis Zukofsky's "Sincerity and Objectification," from the February 1931 issue of Poetry magazine (quoted Costello 1981) ...

Reference List:

Costelllo, Bonnie. 1981. Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

(See Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 15, section 56.)